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  • LEGS
    • Sphere
    • MERS
    • CPMS
    • INEE
    • CAMP
    • HIS
    • MISMA
  • Chapters
    • Introduction to LEGS and how to use this book
      • What is LEGS?
      • Origins of LEGS and the second edition
      • Who should use LEGS?
      • The scope and approach of LEGS
      • Links to other standards and guidelines
        • LEGS and Sphere
        • National guidelines
        • Preventing and controlling outbreaks of epidemic livestock diseases
        • Companion animals
        • Animal welfare
      • How to use LEGS: Overview of the book
      • General principles, decision-making, and planning (Chapters 1–3)
        • Chapter 1: Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies – overview of key issues
        • Chapter 2: The LEGS core standards
        • Chapter 3: Initial assessment and identifying responses
          • Standard
            • Key actions
            • Guidance notes
      • Specific LEGS interventions (Chapters 4–9)
      • Case studies
      • References and further reading
      • Websites
      • Notes
    • Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies
      • Introduction
      • Livelihoods and emergencies
        • Livestock and livelihoods
        • Livestock as financial and social assets
        • Vulnerability
        • Trends
        • Policies and institutions
      • Types of emergency and their impact on livestock keepers
      • Principles and objectives of LEGS
        • Livestock and a rights-based approach
        • Livelihoods objectives of LEGS
      • References and further reading
      • Notes
    • Core standards and cross-cutting themes common to all livestock interventions
      • Introduction
        • The importance of the core standards
        • Links to other chapters
      • Cross-cutting themes
        • Gender and social equity
        • HIV/AIDS
        • Protection
        • Environment and climate
      • The core standards
        • Core standard 1: Participation
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Core standard 2: Preparedness
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Core standard 3: Technical support and agency competencies
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Core standard 4: Initial assessment and response identification
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Core standard 5: Technical analysis and intervention
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Core standard 6: Monitoring, evaluation, and livelihoods impact
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Core standard 7: Policy and advocacy
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Core standard 8: Coordination
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
      • Core standards case studies
        • 2.1 Process case study: Coordination in a slaughter destocking project in Kenya
        • 2.2 Impact case study: Long-term participation and coordination in a complex emergency, South Sudan
        • 2.3 Process case study: Coordination and contingency planning in southern Ethiopia
        • 2.4 Impact case study: Donkeys, participation, and livelihoods among Eritrean returnees
      • References and further reading
      • Notes
    • Initial assessment and identifying responses
      • Introduction
      • Initial assessment
      • Assessment questions
        • 1 The role of livestock in livelihoods
          • Key questions
          • Conclusion/Exit point
        • 2 The nature and impact of the emergency
          • Key questions
          • Conclusion/Exit point
        • 3 Situation analysis
          • Key questions
          • Conclusion/Exit point
      • Assessment approaches and methods
        • Reviewing existing information
        • Participatory approaches
        • Participatory methods
      • Identifying livestock-related emergency responses
        • Linking the LEGS objectives with the LEGS technical options
        • The LEGS Participatory Response Identification Matrix (PRIM)
      • PRIM case studies
        • Case study A: Rapid-onset emergency – an earthquake in Asia
        • Notes on Case study A
        • Case study B: Slow-onset emergency – a drought in Africa
        • Notes on Case study B
        • Case study C: Complex emergency – protracted conflict in Africa, worsened by drought
        • Notes on Case study C
      • Indirect ways to achieve LEGS objectives: Cash transfers and vouchers
      • Appendix 3.1: Selected emergency warning and classification systems
        • References to Appendix 3.1
      • Appendix 3.2: Participatory methods
      • Appendix 3.3: LEGS Participatory Response Identification Matrix
      • References and further reading
      • Notes
    • Technical standards for destocking
      • Destocking
      • Introduction
        • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
        • The importance of destocking in emergency response
      • ➡ Options for destocking
        • Option 1: Commercial destocking
        • Option 2: Slaughter destocking
        • Additional option 3: Slaughter for disposal
      • Timing of interventions
      • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
      • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
        • Gender
        • HIV/AIDS
        • Protection
        • Environment and climate
        • Targeting
        • Coping strategies and indigenous knowledge
        • Camp settings
      • The Standards
        • Destocking standard 1: Assessment and planning
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Destocking standard 2: Commercial destocking
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Destocking standard 3: Slaughter destocking
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
      • Destocking case studies
        • 4.1 Impact case study: Commercial destocking in Ethiopia
        • 4.2 Process case study: Transport subsidy for commercial destocking in Kenya
          • ➡ Transport subsidies
          • ➡ Employment opportunities
        • 4.3 Process case study: Contract purchase for slaughter destocking in Kenya
        • 4.4 Impact case study: Slaughter destocking and dried meat distribution in Ethiopia
        • 4.5 Process case study: Voucher and meat distribution in Kenya
        • 4.6 Process case study: Meat relief committees in Kenya
        • 4.7 Process case study: Complementary feed provision and destocking in Niger
      • Appendix 4.1: Assessment checklist for destocking
        • For destocking in general
        • For commercial destocking
        • For slaughter for human consumption
        • For slaughter for disposal
      • Appendix 4.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for destocking
        • Commercial destocking
        • Slaughter destocking
      • References and further reading
      • Notes
    • Technical standards for veterinary support
      • Veterinary support
      • Introduction
        • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
        • The importance of veterinary support in emergency response
      • ➡ Options for veterinary support
        • Option 1: Clinical veterinary services
        • Option 2: Public sector veterinary functions
      • Timing of interventions
      • Links to other chapters
      • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
        • Gender and social equity
        • People living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV)
        • Protection
        • Environment and climate
        • Local capacities
        • Access
        • Affordability and cost recovery
        • Use of cash transfers
        • Camps
      • The Standards
        • Veterinary support standard 1: Assessment and planning
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Clinical veterinary services standard 1: Service design
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Clinical veterinary services standard 2: Examination and treatment
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Veterinary public health standard 1: Zoonotic diseases
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Veterinary public health standard 2: Sanitation and food hygiene
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Veterinary public health standard 3: Disposal of dead animals
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Livestock disease information systems standard 1: Livestock disease surveillance
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
      • Veterinary support case studies
        • 5.1 Process case study: Veterinary voucher scheme in Kenya
        • 5.2 Process case study: Veterinary voucher schemes in Ethiopia
        • 5.3 Impact case study: Limitations of livestock vaccination during emergencies
        • 5.4 Impact case study: Limitations of mass deworming of livestock during drought in Kenya
        • 5.5 Impact case study: Veterinary interventions in Afghanistan
        • 5.6 Process case study: Carcass disposal in Mongolia
        • 5.7 Process case study: Emergency animal health response to drought in Kenya
      • Appendix 5.1: Assessment methods and checklist for veterinary service provision
      • Appendix 5.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for veterinary service provision
      • References and further reading
      • Notes
    • Technical standards for ensuring feed supplies
      • Ensuring feed supplies
      • Introduction
        • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
        • The importance of ensuring feed supplies in emergency response
      • ➡ Options for ensuring feed supplies
        • Option 1: Emergency feeding in situ
        • Option 2: Emergency feeding in feed camps
      • Timing of interventions
      • Links to other chapters
      • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
        • Gender and social equity
        • PLHIV
        • Protection
        • Environment
        • Targeting vulnerable groups
        • Management capacities
        • Local capacities and indigenous coping strategies
        • Introduction of pests, diseases, and vectors
        • Disruption of local markets
        • Camps
      • The Standards
        • Feed standard 1: Assessment and planning
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Feed standard 2: Feeding levels
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Feed standard 3: Feed safety
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Feed standard 4: Sources and distribution of feed resources
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
      • Ensuring feed supplies case studies
        • 6.1 Process case study: Women help manage a nucleus herd feeding programme in Ethiopia
        • 6.2 Impact case study: Measuring the impacts of cattle supplementary feeding in Ethiopia
        • 6.3 Process case study: Animal feed banks in Niger for drought preparedness
        • 6.4 Process case study: Building on existing feed supply lines and distribution points in India
        • 6.5 Impact case study: Human nutrition impacts of livestock supplementary feed during drought in Ethiopia
        • 6.6 Process case study: Using invasive plants for animal feed in Sudan
        • 6.7 Process case study: Feed provision in severe winter in Bolivia
      • Appendix 6.1: Assessment checklist for feed provision
        • Emergency feeding: In situ
          • Feed allowances and nutritional quality
          • Feed safety
          • Sourcing and distribution of feeds
        • Emergency feeding: Feed camps
          • Acceptability of feed camp and identification of beneficiaries
          • Logistics and management
      • Appendix 6.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for livestock feed interventions
      • References and further reading
    • Technical standards for the provision of water
      • Provision of water
      • Introduction
        • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
        • The importance of the provision of water for livestock in emergency response
      • ➡ Options for water provision
        • Option 1: Water points
        • Option 2: Water trucking
      • Timing of interventions
      • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
      • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
        • Gender and vulnerable groups
        • Protection
        • Environment
        • Local capacities
      • The Standards
        • Water standard 1: Assessment and planning
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Water points standard 1: Location of water points
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Water points standard 2: Water point rehabilitation and establishment
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Water trucking standard 1: Water sources and quality
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Water trucking standard 2: Logistics and distribution
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
      • Provision of water case studies
        • 7.1 Process case study: Impact of watering stations in Ethiopia
        • 7.2 Process case study: Water trucking for drought relief in Somalia
        • 7.3 Process case study: Strengthening water supply infrastructure in Pakistan
        • 7.4 Process case study: Water provision for livestock using hafir dams in Sudan
        • 7.5 Impact case study: Cash for work for the provision of water in Kenya
      • Appendix 7.1: Checklist for rapid water point assessment
        • Supply of water
        • Accessibility
        • Water quality
      • Appendix 7.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for water provision
      • References and further reading
      • Notes
    • Technical standards for livestock shelter and settlement
      • Livestock shelter and settlement
      • Introduction
        • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
        • The importance of livestock shelter and settlement in emergency response
      • ➡ Options for livestock shelter and settlement
        • Option 1: Livestock and settlement
        • Option 2: Livestock shelter
      • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
      • Timing of interventions
      • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
        • Gender and social equity
        • Protection
        • Environment
        • Local capacities
      • The Standards
        • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 1: Assessment and planning
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 2: Livestock and settlement
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 3: Livestock shelter
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 4: Disaster risk reduction and preparedness
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
      • Livestock shelter and settlement case studies
        • 8.1 Impact case study: Preparing and responding to floods in Bangladesh
        • 8.2 Process case study: Community animal shelters in Pakistan earthquake
        • 8.3 Process case study: Post-earthquake animal shelters in Pakistan
        • 8.4 Process case study: Livestock settlement interventions for Malian refugees in Mauritania
        • 8.5 Process case study: Settlement planning for Sudanese refugees and their livestock
        • 8.6 Process case study: Mapping markets for supporting livestock shelters in Pakistan floods
        • 8.7 Process case study: Construction of multipurpose shelters after Myanmar cyclone
        • 8.8 Process case study: Shelter provision in severe winter in Bolivia
      • Appendix 8.1: Assessment checklist for livestock shelter and settlement provision
        • Settlement issues
        • Shelter (temporary and longer-lasting)
        • Shelter for newly introduced species (for example, poultry and rabbits)
      • Appendix 8.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for livestock shelter and settlement
      • References and further reading
      • Notes
    • Technical standards for the provision of livestock
      • Provision of livestock
      • Introduction
        • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
        • The importance of livestock provision in emergency response
      • ➡ Options for the provision of livestock
        • Option 1: Replacing livestock assets
        • Option 2: Building livestock assets
      • Timing of interventions
      • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
      • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
        • Gender and social equity
        • PLHIV
        • Protection
        • Environment
        • Targeting
        • Disease transmission
        • Local capacities
        • Agency capacities and planning
        • Use of cash transfers
        • Camps
      • The Standards
        • Provision of livestock standard 1: Assessment and preparedness
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Provision of livestock standard 2: Definition of the package
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Provision of livestock standard 3: Credit, procurement, transport, and delivery systems
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
        • Provision of livestock standard 4: Additional support
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
      • Provision of livestock case studies
        • 9.1 Impact case study: Herd replacement using cash transfers in Kenya
        • 9.2 Process case study: Supporting traditional livestock distribution as a drought-preparedness strategy in Niger
        • 9.3 Impact case study: Livestock fairs in Niger
        • 9.4 Process case study: Community contributions to herd replacement in Ethiopia
        • 9.5 Process case study: Livestock distribution following the Pakistan earthquake
        • 9.6 Process case study: Deciding against livestock distribution following the Pakistan earthquake
        • 9.7 Impact case study: Post-earthquake livestock distribution in Iran
        • 9.8 Impact case study: Vouchers for livestock distribution and veterinary support in Somalia
      • Appendix 9.1: Assessment checklist for provision of livestock
        • Options and implications
        • Beneficiaries
        • Procurement
      • Appendix 9.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for the provision of livestock
      • Appendix 9.3: Provision of livestock in camps
      • Appendix 9.4: Discussion on minimum viable herd size
      • Appendix 9.5: Livestock fairs
      • References and further reading
      • Notes
    • Annexes
      • Annex A: Glossary
      • Annex B: Abbreviations and acronyms
      • Annex C: General bibliography
      • Annex D: Acknowledgements and contributors
        • LEGS Steering Group members
        • Former Steering Group members
        • Coordination
        • Donors
        • Chapter authors
        • Photo credits
        • Briefing paper
        • The LEGS Consultation Group and Mailing List
      • Annex E: LEGS Training Programme
  • Newsletter
  • Website
  • Search
  • Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards (LEGS)
  • Introduction to LEGS and how to use this book
    • What is LEGS?
    • Origins of LEGS and the second edition
    • Who should use LEGS?
    • The scope and approach of LEGS
    • Links to other standards and guidelines
      • LEGS and Sphere
      • National guidelines
      • Preventing and controlling outbreaks of epidemic livestock diseases
      • Companion animals
      • Animal welfare
    • How to use LEGS: Overview of the book
    • General principles, decision-making, and planning (Chapters 1–3)
      • Chapter 1: Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies – overview of key issues
      • Chapter 2: The LEGS core standards
      • Chapter 3: Initial assessment and identifying responses
        • Standard
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
    • Specific LEGS interventions (Chapters 4–9)
    • Case studies
    • References and further reading
    • Websites
    • Notes
  • Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies
    • Introduction
    • Livelihoods and emergencies
      • Livestock and livelihoods
      • Livestock as financial and social assets
      • Vulnerability
      • Trends
      • Policies and institutions
    • Types of emergency and their impact on livestock keepers
    • Principles and objectives of LEGS
      • Livestock and a rights-based approach
      • Livelihoods objectives of LEGS
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Core standards and cross-cutting themes common to all livestock interventions
    • Introduction
      • The importance of the core standards
      • Links to other chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes
      • Gender and social equity
      • HIV/AIDS
      • Protection
      • Environment and climate
    • The core standards
      • Core standard 1: Participation
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 2: Preparedness
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 3: Technical support and agency competencies
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 4: Initial assessment and response identification
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 5: Technical analysis and intervention
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 6: Monitoring, evaluation, and livelihoods impact
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 7: Policy and advocacy
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 8: Coordination
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Core standards case studies
      • 2.1 Process case study: Coordination in a slaughter destocking project in Kenya
      • 2.2 Impact case study: Long-term participation and coordination in a complex emergency, South Sudan
      • 2.3 Process case study: Coordination and contingency planning in southern Ethiopia
      • 2.4 Impact case study: Donkeys, participation, and livelihoods among Eritrean returnees
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Initial assessment and identifying responses
    • Introduction
    • Initial assessment
    • Assessment questions
      • 1 The role of livestock in livelihoods
        • Key questions
        • Conclusion/Exit point
      • 2 The nature and impact of the emergency
        • Key questions
        • Conclusion/Exit point
      • 3 Situation analysis
        • Key questions
        • Conclusion/Exit point
    • Assessment approaches and methods
      • Reviewing existing information
      • Participatory approaches
      • Participatory methods
    • Identifying livestock-related emergency responses
      • Linking the LEGS objectives with the LEGS technical options
      • The LEGS Participatory Response Identification Matrix (PRIM)
    • PRIM case studies
      • Case study A: Rapid-onset emergency – an earthquake in Asia
      • Notes on Case study A
      • Case study B: Slow-onset emergency – a drought in Africa
      • Notes on Case study B
      • Case study C: Complex emergency – protracted conflict in Africa, worsened by drought
      • Notes on Case study C
    • Indirect ways to achieve LEGS objectives: Cash transfers and vouchers
    • Appendix 3.1: Selected emergency warning and classification systems
      • References to Appendix 3.1
    • Appendix 3.2: Participatory methods
    • Appendix 3.3: LEGS Participatory Response Identification Matrix
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for destocking
    • Destocking
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of destocking in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for destocking
      • Option 1: Commercial destocking
      • Option 2: Slaughter destocking
      • Additional option 3: Slaughter for disposal
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender
      • HIV/AIDS
      • Protection
      • Environment and climate
      • Targeting
      • Coping strategies and indigenous knowledge
      • Camp settings
    • The Standards
      • Destocking standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Destocking standard 2: Commercial destocking
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Destocking standard 3: Slaughter destocking
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Destocking case studies
      • 4.1 Impact case study: Commercial destocking in Ethiopia
      • 4.2 Process case study: Transport subsidy for commercial destocking in Kenya
        • ➡ Transport subsidies
        • ➡ Employment opportunities
      • 4.3 Process case study: Contract purchase for slaughter destocking in Kenya
      • 4.4 Impact case study: Slaughter destocking and dried meat distribution in Ethiopia
      • 4.5 Process case study: Voucher and meat distribution in Kenya
      • 4.6 Process case study: Meat relief committees in Kenya
      • 4.7 Process case study: Complementary feed provision and destocking in Niger
    • Appendix 4.1: Assessment checklist for destocking
      • For destocking in general
      • For commercial destocking
      • For slaughter for human consumption
      • For slaughter for disposal
    • Appendix 4.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for destocking
      • Commercial destocking
      • Slaughter destocking
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for veterinary support
    • Veterinary support
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of veterinary support in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for veterinary support
      • Option 1: Clinical veterinary services
      • Option 2: Public sector veterinary functions
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to other chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and social equity
      • People living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV)
      • Protection
      • Environment and climate
      • Local capacities
      • Access
      • Affordability and cost recovery
      • Use of cash transfers
      • Camps
    • The Standards
      • Veterinary support standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Clinical veterinary services standard 1: Service design
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Clinical veterinary services standard 2: Examination and treatment
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Veterinary public health standard 1: Zoonotic diseases
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Veterinary public health standard 2: Sanitation and food hygiene
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Veterinary public health standard 3: Disposal of dead animals
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Livestock disease information systems standard 1: Livestock disease surveillance
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Veterinary support case studies
      • 5.1 Process case study: Veterinary voucher scheme in Kenya
      • 5.2 Process case study: Veterinary voucher schemes in Ethiopia
      • 5.3 Impact case study: Limitations of livestock vaccination during emergencies
      • 5.4 Impact case study: Limitations of mass deworming of livestock during drought in Kenya
      • 5.5 Impact case study: Veterinary interventions in Afghanistan
      • 5.6 Process case study: Carcass disposal in Mongolia
      • 5.7 Process case study: Emergency animal health response to drought in Kenya
    • Appendix 5.1: Assessment methods and checklist for veterinary service provision
    • Appendix 5.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for veterinary service provision
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for ensuring feed supplies
    • Ensuring feed supplies
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of ensuring feed supplies in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for ensuring feed supplies
      • Option 1: Emergency feeding in situ
      • Option 2: Emergency feeding in feed camps
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to other chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and social equity
      • PLHIV
      • Protection
      • Environment
      • Targeting vulnerable groups
      • Management capacities
      • Local capacities and indigenous coping strategies
      • Introduction of pests, diseases, and vectors
      • Disruption of local markets
      • Camps
    • The Standards
      • Feed standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Feed standard 2: Feeding levels
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Feed standard 3: Feed safety
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Feed standard 4: Sources and distribution of feed resources
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Ensuring feed supplies case studies
      • 6.1 Process case study: Women help manage a nucleus herd feeding programme in Ethiopia
      • 6.2 Impact case study: Measuring the impacts of cattle supplementary feeding in Ethiopia
      • 6.3 Process case study: Animal feed banks in Niger for drought preparedness
      • 6.4 Process case study: Building on existing feed supply lines and distribution points in India
      • 6.5 Impact case study: Human nutrition impacts of livestock supplementary feed during drought in Ethiopia
      • 6.6 Process case study: Using invasive plants for animal feed in Sudan
      • 6.7 Process case study: Feed provision in severe winter in Bolivia
    • Appendix 6.1: Assessment checklist for feed provision
      • Emergency feeding: In situ
        • Feed allowances and nutritional quality
        • Feed safety
        • Sourcing and distribution of feeds
      • Emergency feeding: Feed camps
        • Acceptability of feed camp and identification of beneficiaries
        • Logistics and management
    • Appendix 6.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for livestock feed interventions
    • References and further reading
  • Technical standards for the provision of water
    • Provision of water
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of the provision of water for livestock in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for water provision
      • Option 1: Water points
      • Option 2: Water trucking
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and vulnerable groups
      • Protection
      • Environment
      • Local capacities
    • The Standards
      • Water standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Water points standard 1: Location of water points
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Water points standard 2: Water point rehabilitation and establishment
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Water trucking standard 1: Water sources and quality
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Water trucking standard 2: Logistics and distribution
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Provision of water case studies
      • 7.1 Process case study: Impact of watering stations in Ethiopia
      • 7.2 Process case study: Water trucking for drought relief in Somalia
      • 7.3 Process case study: Strengthening water supply infrastructure in Pakistan
      • 7.4 Process case study: Water provision for livestock using hafir dams in Sudan
      • 7.5 Impact case study: Cash for work for the provision of water in Kenya
    • Appendix 7.1: Checklist for rapid water point assessment
      • Supply of water
      • Accessibility
      • Water quality
    • Appendix 7.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for water provision
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for livestock shelter and settlement
    • Livestock shelter and settlement
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of livestock shelter and settlement in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for livestock shelter and settlement
      • Option 1: Livestock and settlement
      • Option 2: Livestock shelter
    • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
    • Timing of interventions
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and social equity
      • Protection
      • Environment
      • Local capacities
    • The Standards
      • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 2: Livestock and settlement
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 3: Livestock shelter
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 4: Disaster risk reduction and preparedness
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Livestock shelter and settlement case studies
      • 8.1 Impact case study: Preparing and responding to floods in Bangladesh
      • 8.2 Process case study: Community animal shelters in Pakistan earthquake
      • 8.3 Process case study: Post-earthquake animal shelters in Pakistan
      • 8.4 Process case study: Livestock settlement interventions for Malian refugees in Mauritania
      • 8.5 Process case study: Settlement planning for Sudanese refugees and their livestock
      • 8.6 Process case study: Mapping markets for supporting livestock shelters in Pakistan floods
      • 8.7 Process case study: Construction of multipurpose shelters after Myanmar cyclone
      • 8.8 Process case study: Shelter provision in severe winter in Bolivia
    • Appendix 8.1: Assessment checklist for livestock shelter and settlement provision
      • Settlement issues
      • Shelter (temporary and longer-lasting)
      • Shelter for newly introduced species (for example, poultry and rabbits)
    • Appendix 8.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for livestock shelter and settlement
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for the provision of livestock
    • Provision of livestock
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of livestock provision in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for the provision of livestock
      • Option 1: Replacing livestock assets
      • Option 2: Building livestock assets
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and social equity
      • PLHIV
      • Protection
      • Environment
      • Targeting
      • Disease transmission
      • Local capacities
      • Agency capacities and planning
      • Use of cash transfers
      • Camps
    • The Standards
      • Provision of livestock standard 1: Assessment and preparedness
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Provision of livestock standard 2: Definition of the package
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Provision of livestock standard 3: Credit, procurement, transport, and delivery systems
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Provision of livestock standard 4: Additional support
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Provision of livestock case studies
      • 9.1 Impact case study: Herd replacement using cash transfers in Kenya
      • 9.2 Process case study: Supporting traditional livestock distribution as a drought-preparedness strategy in Niger
      • 9.3 Impact case study: Livestock fairs in Niger
      • 9.4 Process case study: Community contributions to herd replacement in Ethiopia
      • 9.5 Process case study: Livestock distribution following the Pakistan earthquake
      • 9.6 Process case study: Deciding against livestock distribution following the Pakistan earthquake
      • 9.7 Impact case study: Post-earthquake livestock distribution in Iran
      • 9.8 Impact case study: Vouchers for livestock distribution and veterinary support in Somalia
    • Appendix 9.1: Assessment checklist for provision of livestock
      • Options and implications
      • Beneficiaries
      • Procurement
    • Appendix 9.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for the provision of livestock
    • Appendix 9.3: Provision of livestock in camps
    • Appendix 9.4: Discussion on minimum viable herd size
    • Appendix 9.5: Livestock fairs
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Annexes
    • Annex A: Glossary
    • Annex B: Abbreviations and acronyms
    • Annex C: General bibliography
    • Annex D: Acknowledgements and contributors
      • LEGS Steering Group members
      • Former Steering Group members
      • Coordination
      • Donors
      • Chapter authors
      • Photo credits
      • Briefing paper
      • The LEGS Consultation Group and Mailing List
    • Annex E: LEGS Training Programme
  • Handbook
  • Chapter
  • Content Type
  • Introduction to LEGS and how to use this book
    • What is LEGS?
    • Origins of LEGS and the second edition
    • Who should use LEGS?
    • The scope and approach of LEGS
    • Links to other standards and guidelines
      • LEGS and Sphere
      • National guidelines
      • Preventing and controlling outbreaks of epidemic livestock diseases
      • Companion animals
      • Animal welfare
    • How to use LEGS: Overview of the book
    • General principles, decision-making, and planning (Chapters 1–3)
      • Chapter 1: Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies – overview of key issues
      • Chapter 2: The LEGS core standards
      • Chapter 3: Initial assessment and identifying responses
        • Standard
          • Key actions
          • Guidance notes
    • Specific LEGS interventions (Chapters 4–9)
    • Case studies
    • References and further reading
    • Websites
    • Notes
  • Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies
    • Introduction
    • Livelihoods and emergencies
      • Livestock and livelihoods
      • Livestock as financial and social assets
      • Vulnerability
      • Trends
      • Policies and institutions
    • Types of emergency and their impact on livestock keepers
    • Principles and objectives of LEGS
      • Livestock and a rights-based approach
      • Livelihoods objectives of LEGS
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Core standards and cross-cutting themes common to all livestock interventions
    • Introduction
      • The importance of the core standards
      • Links to other chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes
      • Gender and social equity
      • HIV/AIDS
      • Protection
      • Environment and climate
    • The core standards
      • Core standard 1: Participation
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 2: Preparedness
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 3: Technical support and agency competencies
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 4: Initial assessment and response identification
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 5: Technical analysis and intervention
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 6: Monitoring, evaluation, and livelihoods impact
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 7: Policy and advocacy
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Core standard 8: Coordination
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Core standards case studies
      • 2.1 Process case study: Coordination in a slaughter destocking project in Kenya
      • 2.2 Impact case study: Long-term participation and coordination in a complex emergency, South Sudan
      • 2.3 Process case study: Coordination and contingency planning in southern Ethiopia
      • 2.4 Impact case study: Donkeys, participation, and livelihoods among Eritrean returnees
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Initial assessment and identifying responses
    • Introduction
    • Initial assessment
    • Assessment questions
      • 1 The role of livestock in livelihoods
        • Key questions
        • Conclusion/Exit point
      • 2 The nature and impact of the emergency
        • Key questions
        • Conclusion/Exit point
      • 3 Situation analysis
        • Key questions
        • Conclusion/Exit point
    • Assessment approaches and methods
      • Reviewing existing information
      • Participatory approaches
      • Participatory methods
    • Identifying livestock-related emergency responses
      • Linking the LEGS objectives with the LEGS technical options
      • The LEGS Participatory Response Identification Matrix (PRIM)
    • PRIM case studies
      • Case study A: Rapid-onset emergency – an earthquake in Asia
      • Notes on Case study A
      • Case study B: Slow-onset emergency – a drought in Africa
      • Notes on Case study B
      • Case study C: Complex emergency – protracted conflict in Africa, worsened by drought
      • Notes on Case study C
    • Indirect ways to achieve LEGS objectives: Cash transfers and vouchers
    • Appendix 3.1: Selected emergency warning and classification systems
      • References to Appendix 3.1
    • Appendix 3.2: Participatory methods
    • Appendix 3.3: LEGS Participatory Response Identification Matrix
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for destocking
    • Destocking
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of destocking in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for destocking
      • Option 1: Commercial destocking
      • Option 2: Slaughter destocking
      • Additional option 3: Slaughter for disposal
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender
      • HIV/AIDS
      • Protection
      • Environment and climate
      • Targeting
      • Coping strategies and indigenous knowledge
      • Camp settings
    • The Standards
      • Destocking standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Destocking standard 2: Commercial destocking
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Destocking standard 3: Slaughter destocking
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Destocking case studies
      • 4.1 Impact case study: Commercial destocking in Ethiopia
      • 4.2 Process case study: Transport subsidy for commercial destocking in Kenya
        • ➡ Transport subsidies
        • ➡ Employment opportunities
      • 4.3 Process case study: Contract purchase for slaughter destocking in Kenya
      • 4.4 Impact case study: Slaughter destocking and dried meat distribution in Ethiopia
      • 4.5 Process case study: Voucher and meat distribution in Kenya
      • 4.6 Process case study: Meat relief committees in Kenya
      • 4.7 Process case study: Complementary feed provision and destocking in Niger
    • Appendix 4.1: Assessment checklist for destocking
      • For destocking in general
      • For commercial destocking
      • For slaughter for human consumption
      • For slaughter for disposal
    • Appendix 4.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for destocking
      • Commercial destocking
      • Slaughter destocking
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for veterinary support
    • Veterinary support
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of veterinary support in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for veterinary support
      • Option 1: Clinical veterinary services
      • Option 2: Public sector veterinary functions
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to other chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and social equity
      • People living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV)
      • Protection
      • Environment and climate
      • Local capacities
      • Access
      • Affordability and cost recovery
      • Use of cash transfers
      • Camps
    • The Standards
      • Veterinary support standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Clinical veterinary services standard 1: Service design
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Clinical veterinary services standard 2: Examination and treatment
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Veterinary public health standard 1: Zoonotic diseases
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Veterinary public health standard 2: Sanitation and food hygiene
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Veterinary public health standard 3: Disposal of dead animals
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Livestock disease information systems standard 1: Livestock disease surveillance
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Veterinary support case studies
      • 5.1 Process case study: Veterinary voucher scheme in Kenya
      • 5.2 Process case study: Veterinary voucher schemes in Ethiopia
      • 5.3 Impact case study: Limitations of livestock vaccination during emergencies
      • 5.4 Impact case study: Limitations of mass deworming of livestock during drought in Kenya
      • 5.5 Impact case study: Veterinary interventions in Afghanistan
      • 5.6 Process case study: Carcass disposal in Mongolia
      • 5.7 Process case study: Emergency animal health response to drought in Kenya
    • Appendix 5.1: Assessment methods and checklist for veterinary service provision
    • Appendix 5.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for veterinary service provision
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for ensuring feed supplies
    • Ensuring feed supplies
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of ensuring feed supplies in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for ensuring feed supplies
      • Option 1: Emergency feeding in situ
      • Option 2: Emergency feeding in feed camps
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to other chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and social equity
      • PLHIV
      • Protection
      • Environment
      • Targeting vulnerable groups
      • Management capacities
      • Local capacities and indigenous coping strategies
      • Introduction of pests, diseases, and vectors
      • Disruption of local markets
      • Camps
    • The Standards
      • Feed standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Feed standard 2: Feeding levels
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Feed standard 3: Feed safety
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Feed standard 4: Sources and distribution of feed resources
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Ensuring feed supplies case studies
      • 6.1 Process case study: Women help manage a nucleus herd feeding programme in Ethiopia
      • 6.2 Impact case study: Measuring the impacts of cattle supplementary feeding in Ethiopia
      • 6.3 Process case study: Animal feed banks in Niger for drought preparedness
      • 6.4 Process case study: Building on existing feed supply lines and distribution points in India
      • 6.5 Impact case study: Human nutrition impacts of livestock supplementary feed during drought in Ethiopia
      • 6.6 Process case study: Using invasive plants for animal feed in Sudan
      • 6.7 Process case study: Feed provision in severe winter in Bolivia
    • Appendix 6.1: Assessment checklist for feed provision
      • Emergency feeding: In situ
        • Feed allowances and nutritional quality
        • Feed safety
        • Sourcing and distribution of feeds
      • Emergency feeding: Feed camps
        • Acceptability of feed camp and identification of beneficiaries
        • Logistics and management
    • Appendix 6.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for livestock feed interventions
    • References and further reading
  • Technical standards for the provision of water
    • Provision of water
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of the provision of water for livestock in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for water provision
      • Option 1: Water points
      • Option 2: Water trucking
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and vulnerable groups
      • Protection
      • Environment
      • Local capacities
    • The Standards
      • Water standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Water points standard 1: Location of water points
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Water points standard 2: Water point rehabilitation and establishment
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Water trucking standard 1: Water sources and quality
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Water trucking standard 2: Logistics and distribution
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Provision of water case studies
      • 7.1 Process case study: Impact of watering stations in Ethiopia
      • 7.2 Process case study: Water trucking for drought relief in Somalia
      • 7.3 Process case study: Strengthening water supply infrastructure in Pakistan
      • 7.4 Process case study: Water provision for livestock using hafir dams in Sudan
      • 7.5 Impact case study: Cash for work for the provision of water in Kenya
    • Appendix 7.1: Checklist for rapid water point assessment
      • Supply of water
      • Accessibility
      • Water quality
    • Appendix 7.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for water provision
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for livestock shelter and settlement
    • Livestock shelter and settlement
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of livestock shelter and settlement in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for livestock shelter and settlement
      • Option 1: Livestock and settlement
      • Option 2: Livestock shelter
    • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
    • Timing of interventions
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and social equity
      • Protection
      • Environment
      • Local capacities
    • The Standards
      • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 1: Assessment and planning
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 2: Livestock and settlement
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 3: Livestock shelter
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Livestock shelter and settlement standard 4: Disaster risk reduction and preparedness
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Livestock shelter and settlement case studies
      • 8.1 Impact case study: Preparing and responding to floods in Bangladesh
      • 8.2 Process case study: Community animal shelters in Pakistan earthquake
      • 8.3 Process case study: Post-earthquake animal shelters in Pakistan
      • 8.4 Process case study: Livestock settlement interventions for Malian refugees in Mauritania
      • 8.5 Process case study: Settlement planning for Sudanese refugees and their livestock
      • 8.6 Process case study: Mapping markets for supporting livestock shelters in Pakistan floods
      • 8.7 Process case study: Construction of multipurpose shelters after Myanmar cyclone
      • 8.8 Process case study: Shelter provision in severe winter in Bolivia
    • Appendix 8.1: Assessment checklist for livestock shelter and settlement provision
      • Settlement issues
      • Shelter (temporary and longer-lasting)
      • Shelter for newly introduced species (for example, poultry and rabbits)
    • Appendix 8.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for livestock shelter and settlement
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Technical standards for the provision of livestock
    • Provision of livestock
    • Introduction
      • Links to the LEGS livelihoods objectives
      • The importance of livestock provision in emergency response
    • ➡ Options for the provision of livestock
      • Option 1: Replacing livestock assets
      • Option 2: Building livestock assets
    • Timing of interventions
    • Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
    • Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
      • Gender and social equity
      • PLHIV
      • Protection
      • Environment
      • Targeting
      • Disease transmission
      • Local capacities
      • Agency capacities and planning
      • Use of cash transfers
      • Camps
    • The Standards
      • Provision of livestock standard 1: Assessment and preparedness
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Provision of livestock standard 2: Definition of the package
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Provision of livestock standard 3: Credit, procurement, transport, and delivery systems
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
      • Provision of livestock standard 4: Additional support
        • Key actions
        • Guidance notes
    • Provision of livestock case studies
      • 9.1 Impact case study: Herd replacement using cash transfers in Kenya
      • 9.2 Process case study: Supporting traditional livestock distribution as a drought-preparedness strategy in Niger
      • 9.3 Impact case study: Livestock fairs in Niger
      • 9.4 Process case study: Community contributions to herd replacement in Ethiopia
      • 9.5 Process case study: Livestock distribution following the Pakistan earthquake
      • 9.6 Process case study: Deciding against livestock distribution following the Pakistan earthquake
      • 9.7 Impact case study: Post-earthquake livestock distribution in Iran
      • 9.8 Impact case study: Vouchers for livestock distribution and veterinary support in Somalia
    • Appendix 9.1: Assessment checklist for provision of livestock
      • Options and implications
      • Beneficiaries
      • Procurement
    • Appendix 9.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for the provision of livestock
    • Appendix 9.3: Provision of livestock in camps
    • Appendix 9.4: Discussion on minimum viable herd size
    • Appendix 9.5: Livestock fairs
    • References and further reading
    • Notes
  • Annexes
    • Annex A: Glossary
    • Annex B: Abbreviations and acronyms
    • Annex C: General bibliography
    • Annex D: Acknowledgements and contributors
      • LEGS Steering Group members
      • Former Steering Group members
      • Coordination
      • Donors
      • Chapter authors
      • Photo credits
      • Briefing paper
      • The LEGS Consultation Group and Mailing List
    • Annex E: LEGS Training Programme
  • Sphere
  • MERS
  • CPMS
  • INEE
  • CAMP
  • HIS
  • MISMA
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HEALTHSHELTER AND SETTLEMENTFOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITIONWATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE PROMOTIONCORE HUMANITARIAN STANDARDPROTECTION PRINCIPLESTHE HUMANITARIAN CHARTERWHAT IS SPHERE
HEALTHSHELTER AND SETTLEMENTFOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITIONWATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND HYGIENE PROMOTIONCORE HUMANITARIAN STANDARDPROTECTION PRINCIPLESTHE HUMANITARIAN CHARTERWHAT IS SPHERE

Contents

 Introduction to LEGS and how to use this book

1. Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies

2. Core standards and cross-cutting themes common to all livestock interventions

3. Initial assessment and identifying responses

4. Technical standards for destocking

5. Technical standards for veterinary support

6. Technical standards for ensuring feed supplies

7. Technical standards for the provision of water

8. Technical standards for livestock shelter and settlement

9. Technical standards for the provision of livestock

 Annexes

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