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Introduction to LEGS and how to use this book
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What is LEGS?
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Origins of LEGS and the second edition
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Who should use LEGS?
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The scope and approach of LEGS
- Links to other standards and guidelines
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How to use LEGS: Overview of the book
- General principles, decision-making, and planning (Chapters 1–3)
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Specific LEGS interventions (Chapters 4–9)
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Case studies
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References and further reading
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Websites
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Notes
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What is LEGS?
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Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies
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Core standards and cross-cutting themes common to all livestock interventions
- Introduction
- Cross-cutting themes
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The core standards
- Core standard 1: Participation
- Core standard 2: Preparedness
- Core standard 3: Technical support and agency competencies
- Core standard 4: Initial assessment and response identification
- Core standard 5: Technical analysis and intervention
- Core standard 6: Monitoring, evaluation, and livelihoods impact
- Core standard 7: Policy and advocacy
- Core standard 8: Coordination
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Core standards case studies
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2.1 Process case study: Coordination in a slaughter destocking project in Kenya
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2.2 Impact case study: Long-term participation and coordination in a complex emergency, South Sudan
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2.3 Process case study: Coordination and contingency planning in southern Ethiopia
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2.4 Impact case study: Donkeys, participation, and livelihoods among Eritrean returnees
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2.1 Process case study: Coordination in a slaughter destocking project in Kenya
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References and further reading
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Notes
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Initial assessment and identifying responses
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Introduction
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Initial assessment
- Assessment questions
- Assessment approaches and methods
- Identifying livestock-related emergency responses
- PRIM case studies
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Indirect ways to achieve LEGS objectives: Cash transfers and vouchers
- Appendix 3.1: Selected emergency warning and classification systems
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Appendix 3.2: Participatory methods
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Appendix 3.3: LEGS Participatory Response Identification Matrix
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References and further reading
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Notes
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Introduction
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Technical standards for destocking
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Destocking
- Introduction
- ➡ Options for destocking
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Timing of interventions
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Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
- Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
- The Standards
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Destocking case studies
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4.1 Impact case study: Commercial destocking in Ethiopia
- 4.2 Process case study: Transport subsidy for commercial destocking in Kenya
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4.3 Process case study: Contract purchase for slaughter destocking in Kenya
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4.4 Impact case study: Slaughter destocking and dried meat distribution in Ethiopia
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4.5 Process case study: Voucher and meat distribution in Kenya
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4.6 Process case study: Meat relief committees in Kenya
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4.7 Process case study: Complementary feed provision and destocking in Niger
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4.1 Impact case study: Commercial destocking in Ethiopia
- Appendix 4.1: Assessment checklist for destocking
- Appendix 4.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for destocking
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References and further reading
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Notes
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Destocking
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Technical standards for veterinary support
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Veterinary support
- Introduction
- ➡ Options for veterinary support
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Timing of interventions
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Links to other chapters
- Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
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The Standards
- Veterinary support standard 1: Assessment and planning
- Clinical veterinary services standard 1: Service design
- Clinical veterinary services standard 2: Examination and treatment
- Veterinary public health standard 1: Zoonotic diseases
- Veterinary public health standard 2: Sanitation and food hygiene
- Veterinary public health standard 3: Disposal of dead animals
- Livestock disease information systems standard 1: Livestock disease surveillance
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Veterinary support case studies
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5.1 Process case study: Veterinary voucher scheme in Kenya
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5.2 Process case study: Veterinary voucher schemes in Ethiopia
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5.3 Impact case study: Limitations of livestock vaccination during emergencies
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5.4 Impact case study: Limitations of mass deworming of livestock during drought in Kenya
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5.5 Impact case study: Veterinary interventions in Afghanistan
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5.6 Process case study: Carcass disposal in Mongolia
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5.7 Process case study: Emergency animal health response to drought in Kenya
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5.1 Process case study: Veterinary voucher scheme in Kenya
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Appendix 5.1: Assessment methods and checklist for veterinary service provision
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Appendix 5.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for veterinary service provision
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References and further reading
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Notes
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Veterinary support
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Technical standards for ensuring feed supplies
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Ensuring feed supplies
- Introduction
- ➡ Options for ensuring feed supplies
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Timing of interventions
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Links to other chapters
- Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
- The Standards
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Ensuring feed supplies case studies
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6.1 Process case study: Women help manage a nucleus herd feeding programme in Ethiopia
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6.2 Impact case study: Measuring the impacts of cattle supplementary feeding in Ethiopia
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6.3 Process case study: Animal feed banks in Niger for drought preparedness
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6.4 Process case study: Building on existing feed supply lines and distribution points in India
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6.5 Impact case study: Human nutrition impacts of livestock supplementary feed during drought in Ethiopia
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6.6 Process case study: Using invasive plants for animal feed in Sudan
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6.7 Process case study: Feed provision in severe winter in Bolivia
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6.1 Process case study: Women help manage a nucleus herd feeding programme in Ethiopia
- Appendix 6.1: Assessment checklist for feed provision
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Appendix 6.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for livestock feed interventions
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References and further reading
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Ensuring feed supplies
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Technical standards for the provision of water
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Provision of water
- Introduction
- ➡ Options for water provision
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Timing of interventions
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Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
- Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
- The Standards
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Provision of water case studies
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7.1 Process case study: Impact of watering stations in Ethiopia
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7.2 Process case study: Water trucking for drought relief in Somalia
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7.3 Process case study: Strengthening water supply infrastructure in Pakistan
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7.4 Process case study: Water provision for livestock using hafir dams in Sudan
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7.5 Impact case study: Cash for work for the provision of water in Kenya
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7.1 Process case study: Impact of watering stations in Ethiopia
- Appendix 7.1: Checklist for rapid water point assessment
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Appendix 7.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for water provision
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References and further reading
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Notes
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Provision of water
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Technical standards for livestock shelter and settlement
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Livestock shelter and settlement
- Introduction
- ➡ Options for livestock shelter and settlement
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Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
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Timing of interventions
- Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
- The Standards
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Livestock shelter and settlement case studies
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8.1 Impact case study: Preparing and responding to floods in Bangladesh
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8.2 Process case study: Community animal shelters in Pakistan earthquake
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8.3 Process case study: Post-earthquake animal shelters in Pakistan
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8.4 Process case study: Livestock settlement interventions for Malian refugees in Mauritania
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8.5 Process case study: Settlement planning for Sudanese refugees and their livestock
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8.6 Process case study: Mapping markets for supporting livestock shelters in Pakistan floods
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8.7 Process case study: Construction of multipurpose shelters after Myanmar cyclone
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8.8 Process case study: Shelter provision in severe winter in Bolivia
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8.1 Impact case study: Preparing and responding to floods in Bangladesh
- Appendix 8.1: Assessment checklist for livestock shelter and settlement provision
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Appendix 8.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for livestock shelter and settlement
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References and further reading
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Notes
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Livestock shelter and settlement
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Technical standards for the provision of livestock
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Provision of livestock
- Introduction
- ➡ Options for the provision of livestock
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Timing of interventions
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Links to Sphere and other LEGS chapters
- Cross-cutting themes and other issues to consider
- The Standards
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Provision of livestock case studies
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9.1 Impact case study: Herd replacement using cash transfers in Kenya
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9.2 Process case study: Supporting traditional livestock distribution as a drought-preparedness strategy in Niger
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9.3 Impact case study: Livestock fairs in Niger
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9.4 Process case study: Community contributions to herd replacement in Ethiopia
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9.5 Process case study: Livestock distribution following the Pakistan earthquake
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9.6 Process case study: Deciding against livestock distribution following the Pakistan earthquake
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9.7 Impact case study: Post-earthquake livestock distribution in Iran
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9.8 Impact case study: Vouchers for livestock distribution and veterinary support in Somalia
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9.1 Impact case study: Herd replacement using cash transfers in Kenya
- Appendix 9.1: Assessment checklist for provision of livestock
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Appendix 9.2: Examples of monitoring and evaluation indicators for the provision of livestock
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Appendix 9.3: Provision of livestock in camps
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Appendix 9.4: Discussion on minimum viable herd size
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Appendix 9.5: Livestock fairs
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References and further reading
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Notes
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Provision of livestock
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Annexes

Contents
Introduction to LEGS and how to use this book
1. Livestock, livelihoods, and emergencies
2. Core standards and cross-cutting themes common to all livestock interventions
3. Initial assessment and identifying responses
4. Technical standards for destocking
5. Technical standards for veterinary support
6. Technical standards for ensuring feed supplies
7. Technical standards for the provision of water
8. Technical standards for livestock shelter and settlement
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